This book provides an in-depth analysis of the new developments in China’s energy cooperation with Asian and African countries under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) over the past decade. It seeks to analyze the driving forces, new progress, and main challenges of energy cooperation between China and BRI route states. This book adopts a multi-dimensional perspective to analyze China’s energy cooperation with BRI route states, combining economic, political analysis, cultural narrative, and environmental governance. In contrast to traditional books that focus solely on energy security, this book combines economic and cultural dimensions, incorporating a broader framework.  This book offers new perspectives on studying BRI energy cooperation. First, it emphasizes both China’s and BRI route states’ roles in BRI energy cooperation and highlights the common interests and mutual benefits between the two sides. It shows how China and BRI route states benefit from the energy cooperation. Second, the book also examines energy competition, particularly in energy infrastructure, between China, the United States, India, and Japan in Asian and African states, and how the competition could reshape the global energy infrastructure. Third, the book discusses environmental governance under BRI energy cooperation and reveals how China and BRI route states promote governance capabilities in the energy sector.    The book has a vast readership and is suitable for academics and policy-minded readers. Scholars of international relations, energy policy, Asian and African studies, the BRI, and Chinese foreign policy will find the insightful views presented in the book valuable for their research. Policymakers and diplomats will benefit from its practical analyses, particularly in energy cooperation and competition.