There is a conspicuous void of analyses about the economic and policy analysis of heart disease research funding in the United States and in other countries. This book discusses the economic and policy dimensions of heart disease research—the leading cause of death in the United States and globally—and it provides a comprehensive overview of the contributions of the primary US funding agency for heart disease research, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) within the US National Institutes of Health (NIH). It offers policymakers metrics to evaluate the effectiveness of the US Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program—a key funding program within NHLBI. It includes information focused on health policy, reauthorizations of the NHLBI’s programs, and more. The resulting book provides a useful structure to help decision makers understand the use and allocation of resources that support health research.